miR-199a-5p has also been found to inhibit the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway by targeting hypoxia inducible factor 1a (HIF-1α), an event which finally leads to decreased proliferation and migration, as well as increased apoptosis of NSCLC cells [32]. This evidence concerns the gene STAT3 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.