ER stress-mediated apoptosis mechanisms have been strongly correlated to TRPM7 imbalance; as shown by Li et al., TRPM7 expression is upregulated in a rheumatoid arthritis rat model, while 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) (Figure 3) treatment induces the increase in CHOP and calpain expression, and decrease in caspase-3 expression. Here, TRPM7 is linked to rheumatoid arthritis.