TNF and psoriasis: The results showed that SS/PVA had some positive effects on psoriasis, as shown by relief from severe skin lesions (scaling, redness, and thickness) and a decrease in epidermal lesions (acanthosis, dermatitis, folliculitis, and hyperkeratosis) when it was manufactured and released properly, which it achieved by increasing IL-10 and Nrf-2 and decreasing TNF-α, IL-20, β-defensin, caspase-3, and caspase-9.