In addition to direct killing of tumor cells, previous in vitro studies have shown that PARPi can stimulate intrinsic immunity and upregulate interferon (IFN) release by activating the cyclic GMP–AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) signaling pathway, further upregulating tumor PD-L1 expression and infiltration of CD8+ T cells [64,65,66]. Here, IFNA1 is linked to neoplasm.