HAMP and anemia: However, patients with post-operative anaemia had lower mean hepcidin concentration (x ̄=49.75 ng/mL) and higher mean IL-6 concentration (x ̄=31.54 pg/mL) than non-anaemia patients (x ̄=106.33 ng/mL and x ̄=26.42 pg/mL, respectively).