CCL4 and hepatocellular carcinoma: On the other hand, in patients with NAFLD-related HCC, the increased Bacteroides and Ruminococcaceae and the decreased Bifidobacterium were, respectively, correlated with intestinal inflammatory markers and increased circulating proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-8 (IL8), IL13, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (CCL)-3 (or MIP-1a), CCL4 (or MIP-1b), and CCL5 (or RANTES) [8].