BRCA1 and cancer: However, recently published studies revealed that 11.4–12.6% of HCC patients carried pathogenic/likely pathogenic germline variants (PV) in some cancer-predisposition genes (CPG), including established high-penetrant genes causing hereditary breast/ovarian cancer (BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2) or Lynch syndrome (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6) [9,10].