SP1 and neoplasm: Our previous studies have shown that PGC-1α has tumor-promoting effects through multiple mechanisms, such as the upregulation of Specificity protein 1 (Sp1), acyl-CoA binding protein (ACBP), fatty acid synthase (FASN), and the activation of the AKT/Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β)/β-catenin pathway [8,9,10].