EPO and HIV infectious disease: Therapy with recombinant human erythropoietin(r-HuEPO) has been shown to be well tolerated in anemia induced by HIV-infections, neoplasms and chronic diseases [35,36], and the r-HuEPO has been proven to elevate the hematocrit values and to reduce the transfusion requirements in HIV-infected patients who have endogenous erythropoietin levels of ≤500 IU/L [41].