IDO1 and colitis: Finally, a recent study by Volarevic and colleagues showed, in a chronic DSS-induced colitis model, that Gal-3 regulates the immunosuppressive capacity of DCs in the gut via a TLR-2-dependent activation of the IDO-1/KYN pathway, promoting the expansion of colon-infiltrated T-regulatory cells, which, consequently, suppress Th1 and Th17 cell-driven colon inflammation [99].