IL6 and hepatocellular carcinoma: In HCC, TAMs reinforce and maintain CSC stemness through the release of different factors, including IL-6, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and TNFα, which induce the activation of several signaling pathways involved in stemness maintenance (e.g., STAT3, Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, NANOG) [118,144].