MSH5 and myeloproliferative neoplasm: Additionally, some of the DEGs involved in repair mechanisms that were upregulated have been described as altered in MPN patients, such as ATM (human ortholog of worm atm-1), BARD1 (brd-1), BRCA1 (brc-1), RFC3 (rfc-3), and several members of the MSH (him-14, msh-5) gene families [22,23].