PRDX6 plays a role in a variety of respiratory diseases by regulating redox balance, including asthma, non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), acute lung injury (ALI), lung ischemia–reperfusion injury (LIRI), and pulmonary fibrosis (Figure 3), and changes in PRDX6 expression and enzyme activity are often observed in these diseases. Here, PRDX6 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.