In hepatoma HepG2 cells, TSAIII treatment is reported to activate cleaved-caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9, increase the expression of Mcl-1 and Bcl-2, and induce the release of cytochrome C, suggesting that TSAIII induces caspase-dependent and mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis [31]. This evidence concerns the gene CASP9 and hepatocellular carcinoma.