MCL1 and central nervous system cancer: In this study, we observed the following effects of TSAIII on human glioma cells: (1) decreased viability and proliferation; (2) increased apoptosis; (3) mitochondrial effects, including loss of membrane potential, increased cytochrome C expression, decreased Mcl-1 expression; (4) autophagy induction; (5) increased TSAIII-induced apoptosis in response to autophagy inhibition; and (6) reduced tumor growth in vivo in GBM8401 xenograft mice and in orthotopic mice.