In myocardial ischemia/reperfusion mice, Dillmann and colleagues found that knocking out HSP70 genes resulted in cardiac hypertrophy after myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, which may be related to several signaling pathways, including Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), Raf-1, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) [39]. The gene discussed is RAF1; the disease is myocardial ischemia.