In another experiment, they used a similar approach to analyze the expression levels of HSP60 as well as HSP60 co-protein HSP10 in the atrial myocardium of patients with chronic AF (n = 8) and sinus rhythm (n = 8), and similar to HSP60, the expression of HSP10 was increased 2.4-fold in patients with chronic AF, and the above results were associated with high energy metabolism and high protein metabolism during the onset of AF. The gene discussed is HSPE1; the disease is atrial fibrillation.