In addition, researchers also found that the methylation levels of PAX1, SOX1 and ZNF582 in ESCC were higher than those in adjacent tissues, suggesting that the methylation status of PAX1, SOX1 and ZNF582 can be used as a potential biomarker for monitoring and diagnosis of ESCC [92,93]. The gene discussed is PAX1; the disease is esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.