TNF and age-related macular degeneration: Other biomarkers, such as elevated levels of various cytokines, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, and VEGF, were observed in the aqueous humor or vitreous of patients with DR [62,63,64], AMD [65], RVO [66], and ROP [67].