ALB and chronic kidney disease: NA, NAM, and niceritrol (an ester of NA used as a prodrug) were mostly unable to ameliorate markers of kidney function such as GFR, BUN, albumin, and creatinine levels [191,196,197,198], except for a small but significant increase in GFR from 53.4 ± 22.0 to 56.6 ± 24.3 mL/min/1.73 m2 after 6 months of treatment with 500 mg/day NA in patients with CKD stages 2 to 4 [199].