ISM1 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: It is important to highlight that, by using genetic (Ism1) and pathological (COPD) mouse models, one study reported that the secreted protein ISM1 is lung-resident, having a high expression that safeguards lung homeostasis through controlling AM numbers and an efficient phenotype through cell-surface GRP78 (csGRP78)-facilitated apoptosis [77].