Additionally, as discussed earlier, a study demonstrating ISM1 upregulation in CRC patients also revealed the associations between suppressive immune cells (M2 macrophages, T-regs, and T cell exhaustion), and ISM1 overexpression detected in PD1-resistant patients further indicated that ISM1 upregulation can possibly play a crucial role in the formation of an inhibitory immune microenvironment [71]. Here, ISM1 is linked to colorectal carcinoma.