Furthermore, the same study revealed that intratracheal delivery of recombinant ISM1 (rISM1) exhibited effective suppression of lung inflammation through the depletion of the pro-inflammatory cs-GRP78high AMs by targeted apoptosis, as well as prevented emphysema development and thus retained pulmonary function in cigarette-smoke-induced COPD mice. This evidence concerns the gene ISM1 and pulmonary emphysema.