These showed that serum NGAL concentrations were elevated in horses with abdominal disease characterized by inflammation (duodenitis-proximal jejunitis, colitis/typhlocolitis, and/or peritonitis) compared to horses with simple intestinal or strangulating obstructions [21] and also in horses with experimental and naturally occurring joint inflammation compared to healthy controls [20]. This evidence concerns the gene LCN2 and peritonitis.