Most of the proteins for autophagy, which recycles damaged organelles in response to nutrient deprivation, oxygen depletion and viral infection were upregulated in COVID-19 brains.36–38 Energy metabolism-associated proteins were also highly enriched in COVID-19 brains, including glycometabolism (TPI1, ALDH1B1, ALDH2, PGK1, etc.)and oxidative phosphorylation (MT-ATP8, COX6C, COX4I1, SLC25A1, NDUFA7, etc.)related proteins. Here, NDUFA7 is linked to viral infectious disease.