Elevated transcription of BECN1, PFDN4, SERPINI1 (neuroserpin), UBQLN1, and UBQLN2 suggests proteotoxic stress is also a defining characteristic of this ALS subtype7,59,61–63 (Fig. 6, Fig. S10; Supplementary Data 10). Here, BECN1 is linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.