Moreover, some common molecular alterations, e.g. mutations and deletions in potentially driving oncogenes involved in chromatin modification (inactivating mutations in Arid1a), protein deubiquitination (Bap1), cell cycle regulation (Cdkn2a, Cyclin D1, Cyclin A, KRAS), PI3K signaling (PIK3CA, PTEN) or secretory proteins (Albumin), are frequently found in both HCC and iCCA [9–11]. Here, PTEN is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.