INS and acute kidney injury: On the other hand, medications like fentanyl, calcium chloride, phenylephrine, vancomycin, piperacillin/tazobactam dextrose, albumin, and insulin were frequently prescribed, contributed to more than ten pairs, and as single medications were also associated with AKI; 7) Fig 3 shows drugs with strong AKI correlation (ten medications were included in 43 medication pairs associated with AKI).