NFKB1 and diabetes mellitus: Diabetes is a progressive metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia due toabsolute or relative (resistance) insulin deficiency, and the development of chronicvascular damage in retina, kidney and peripheral nerves.1 Over the past decades, multiplemolecular mechanisms have been proposed to explain the pathogenesis of diabeticvascular injury, e.g., overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) inmitochondria and NF-κB pathway activation in endothelial cells.2,3 Despite extensive research,until now there are no effective therapies for preventing diabetic vascularcomplications.1