TGFB1 and Alzheimer disease: In the case of Aβ pathology, TGFβ overexpression increases astrocytic Aβ generation in transgenic mice (Lesné et al., 2003; Wyss‐Coray et al., 1997, 1995), and TGFβ levels are elevated in cortical astrocytes surrounding Aβ plaques in AD patients (Apelt & Schliebs, 2001; van der Wal et al., 1993).