However, the number of IL-4–producing MCs per 1 mm2 of EPP cattle (182.5 ± 75.2, n=10) was significantly higher than that in fascioliasis cattle (58.2 ± 21.2; n = 6, P = 0.0392, one-way ANOVA, two-tailed test) or healthy cattle (63.1 ± 37.5; n = 5, P = 0.0461, one-way ANOVA, two-tailed test) (Figures 2A, C). Here, IL4 is linked to fascioliasis.