MAPT and Alzheimer disease: It is known that 50–60% of dementia cases are caused by Alzheimer's disease (AD), which exhibits the amyloid-β plaque induced by hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, neurofibrillary tangles, and eventual neuronal cell death due to hostile stress (Esch et al., 1990; Palop and Mucke, 2010; Sadigh-Eteghad et al., 2015).