GDF15 and central nervous system cancer: Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox regression analysis was conducted on 80 FRGs and identified 23 genes associated with the prognosis of glioma: 12 driven genes (NOX1, NCOA4, ALOX12, ALOX15B, ZEB1, HMOX1, TGFBR1, IDH1, PEX12, MYCN, SMG9, and SLC39A7) and 12 suppressor genes (SCD, NFS1, SQSTM1, CD44, RRM2, GDF15, PARP4, PARP14, KIF20A, ETV4, LCN2, and HMOX1), among which HMOX1 is both a driver and a suppressor gene.