KCNJ10 and epilepsy: Also, astrocyte Kir4.1 expression or function has been shown to be reduced in humans (Heuser et al., 2012; Steinhauser et al., 2012; Kitaura et al., 2018) and various animal models of epilepsy (Harada et al., 2013) including DBA/2 model of audiogenic seizures (Inyushin et al., 2010).