Hence, we decided to carry out a systematic review and meta-analysis to improve our understanding of the relationship between glucose metabolism tests, including fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin (FI), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), the rate of individuals with HOMA-IR  > 4.5, insulin resistance, fasting glucose/fasting insulin (FG/FI) and FG/FI  > 4.5 and RPL. Here, INS is linked to Insulin resistance.