ZBP1 and viral infectious disease: More recently, necroptosis has been recognized as an antiviral mechanism after virus infections, such as murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV)5,6, herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1)7,8, vaccinia virus (VACV)2 and influenza A virus (IAV)9, by forming a non-canonical necrosome composed of RIPK3 and an interferon-stimulated gene (ISG), Z-DNA-binding protein 1 (ZBP1)10,11.