TNF and infection: OASL did not exhibit a crucial role in TNF-mediated canonical necroptosis (Extended Data Fig. 1e), whereas Oasl1+/+ and Oasl1–/– primary mouse fibroblasts exhibited pronounced differences in virus-induced necroptosis upon infection with wild-type MCMV (MCMV-WT) or MCMV-M45mutRHIM during a real-time cytotoxicity assay (Fig. 1c).