Remarkably, in studies utilizing uridine to treat mice with Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS)-Induced Colitis, levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF in the serum, and mRNA expression in the colon were significantly decreased in the uridine-treated groups39, further demonstrating the critical role for fatty acid metabolism in regulating gastrointestinal inflammation. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and colitis.