CD274 and neoplasm: Patients, however, do not react to ICB therapy in the absence of tumor-specific effector T cells.245 Moreover, ICB therapy only affects one or two phases of the anti-cancer immunity pathways, such as anti-CTLA4 antibodies regulate the immune cell priming and activation, while anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies focus on the final negative regulation of T effector cells.