MAPK astroblastomas also demonstrate mutations in multiple chromatin regulatory genes, e.g., SMARCA1, SMARCA2, SMARCAD1, SMARCD3, ATRX, and in histone methyltransferases, e.g., KMT2A, KMTA2C, KMT2D, and KMT2E. Additionally, MAPK pathway-associated astroblastomas show greater gene expression overlap with cerebral astrocyte precursor cells, i.e., outer radial glia (oRG) and truncated radial glia (tRG), than do EET MN1-BEND2 [10, 40]. This evidence concerns the gene SMARCAD1 and astroblastoma.