Risk factors for aspergillosis and other invasive mold infections largely appear related to environmental differences and underlying social determinants of health, although immunologic aberrations and genetic polymorphisms may play a role in some circumstances, such as defects in the CARD9 pathway and polymorphisms such as with IL-1, Il-10, IL-15, IL-23, TNF-α, and INF-γ. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and aspergillosis.