TNF and cystic fibrosis: Numerous features of CF such as aberrant influx of neutrophils into the airways, cachexia, and hyperglobulinemia, may be due to the action of cytokines such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) (Jundi and Greene, 2015, Mitola et al., 2008, Black et al., 1998).