DPP4 and type 1 diabetes mellitus: T1DM: type 1 diabetes mellitus, T2DM: type 2 diabetes mellitus, HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin A1c, ARBs: angiotensin receptor blockers, BBs: beta blockers, DPP4Is: dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors, ACEIs: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, CCBs: calcium channel blockers, SGLT-2Ia: sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor, GLP-1: glucose-like peptide-1.