VEGFA and Hyperglycemia: Long-term chronic hyperglycemia stimulates the overgeneration of AGEs by interacting with its receptor, which upregulated the levels of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor-β 1(TGF-β 1), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) (60).