Reactivation of a latent TB has been linked to certain chemotherapeutic agents; it is accepted that immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), which are used to treat many cancers such as metastatic melanoma, non-small lung cancer, and head and neck squamous carcinomas, may cause severe infections like reactivation of LTBI indirectly due to using corticosteroids or TNF-α inhibitors. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and infection.