TGFB1 and myelodysplastic syndrome: Studies have shown that the expression of at least 30 kinds of cytokines can be detected in the bone marrow and peripheral blood of MDS patients, among which the increased levels of TNF-a, IFN-γ, TGF-β, IL-6 and IL-8 directly reflect the serious dysregulation of inflammatory signal conduction and bone marrow differentiation [11, 37–39].