In addition, TIA-1 mediates translational silencing of mRNA encoding TNF, thus reducing the sensitivity of mice to acute LPS shock or inflammatory arthritis.150,151 Downregulation of TIA-1/TIAR genes is observed in ulcerative colitis patients by transcriptome meta-analysis and might contribute to the enhanced IL-1β production during autoimmunity.152. Here, TNF is linked to Autoimmunity.