FOXO1 and viral infectious disease: We recently show that T cell expression of lncRNA-GM promotes T cell-mediated autoimmunity via polarizing Th17 differentiation but inhibiting iTreg differentiation, in a manner dependent on its ability of binding to transcription factor Foxo1 and reducing Foxo1 activity.217 lncRNA-GM is also expressed in macrophages, while viral infection can downregulate lncRNA-GM to facilitate viral escape by inhibiting the kinase activity of TBK1.218 Therefore, ncRNAs can interact with distinct protein partners in a cell type-specific manner.