Abnormal B cell activation and breakdown of B cell tolerance are critical for the excessive autoantibody production leading to autoimmunity.219 A unique subset of regulatory B cells mediate suppression of autoimmunity and inflammation via producing anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β and shaping the inhibitory immune microenvironment.220 Regulation of B cell differentiation, activation and antibody production via post-transcriptional mechanism has attracted increasing attention. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and Autoimmunity.