Recent scRNA-seq analysis reveals the elevated expression of ISGs in monocytes in SLE patients123,124 and IL-6 expression in THY1+HLA-DRAhi fibroblasts and IL-1β expression in pro-inflammatory monocytes in RA patients.125–127 It is critical to understand how RBP–RNA interactions determine the specific transcriptional signatures of innate inflammatory cytokines in distinct immune cells in different autoimmune processes. This evidence concerns the gene IL6 and rheumatoid arthritis.