ADAR and cancer: To investigate the cancer-preventive effect induced by targeting Adar1 and Msi2 or by re-expressing Slc38a4 in vivo, mice were administered Invivofectamine (siAdar1 and siMsi2) and Turbofect (pcDNA3.1_Slc38a4), both of which specifically target liver cells, via intravenous injections once per week beginning at 14 weeks of age (Fig. 7a, upper).