In contrast, Profilin 1 is downregulated in various adenocarcinomas (breast31–33, hepatic34, pancreatic35,36, and bladder37), which correlates with increased metastatic potential and shorter overall survival36, suggesting a dosage-dependent effect on a fine-tuned balance between cellular lethality and neoplastic transformation. The gene discussed is PFN1; the disease is adenocarcinoma.