In both younger and older groups, patients with MDS-R mutations had a lower chance of being categorized into the group of AML with inv(16) (P = 0.002 and P = 0.010, respectively, Table 1), AML with NPM1 mutation (both P < 0.001), AML with myelodysplasia-related cytogenetic abnormalities (P = 0.003 and P < 0.001, respectively), or AML not otherwise specified (both P < 0.001). This evidence concerns the gene NPM1 and myelodysplastic syndrome.