CCL5 and neoplasm: Overexpression of CCL5 and CXCL9 could convert “cold” tumors into “hot” tumor immunophenotypes, whereas epigenetic silencing caused by DNA hypermethylation in human tumors induced a decrease in CCL5 expression, leading to tumor immune evasion.[77] Nevertheless, DNA hypomethylating agent treatment promoted the CD8+ T‐cell infiltration into tumor tissue to boost the antitumor immune response.[78] In one study, epigenetic reprogramming of tumor cells may drive Th1 chemokine‐mediated effector T‐cell trafficking.