TNF and atherosclerosis: These results implicate, that the LDL-mediated induction of mPGES-1 expression (Fig. 1) and enhanced PGE2-secretion (Fig. 4) observed in the current study might increase development of atherosclerosis, especially in combination with other inflammatory mediators such as TNFα and PGE2 which induced maximal expression of the chemotactic cytokine IL-8 in monocytic cell lines and PBMC [21].