Besides, the paracrine interaction of lactate with GPR81 in immune cells favors immunosuppressive phenotypes, such as inhibiting CD8+ T and natural killer (NK) cells [17, 18], the differentiation of tolerogenic dendritic cells [15], macrophage polarization toward the M2-like phenotype [19], and activating tumor-supportive regulatory T cells [20]. The gene discussed is HCAR1; the disease is neoplasm.