CAT and neoplasm: Thus, we, here, individually or simultaneously displayed potential therapeutic enzymes, LOX and catalase (CAT), onto previously established Aquifex aeolicus lumazine synthase protein nanoparticles (AaLS) [32–34] through a SpyTag/SpyCatcher (ST/SC) bacterial glue system [35], after which we used them to effectively consume lactate and modulate the TME for tumor growth suppression (Fig. 1).