CD4 and heart failure: Yu and Haiwen [14] showed that the proportion of Tim-3 + CD4 + T cells was higher in heart failure patients than in healthy controls, and the proportion of Tim-3 + CD8 + T cells was also higher in heart failure patients than in healthy controls, indicating that the expression of T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein-3 (Tim-3) and its regulation on T cells were upregulated in chronic heart failure patients.