Collectively, our data support that endogenous IL-1RN represses myelopoiesis in HSPC under steady-state and protects from neoplasia, whereas low IL-1RN is a hallmark of AML with prognostic value for reduced survival in AML patients, it contributes to myeloproliferation in the presence of a pre-leukemic lesion and provides a mechanistic rationale for IL-1RN boost or IL-1β blockade therapeutic potential in AML patients (Supplementary Fig. S15). This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and neoplasm.